In recent years, manufacturing factories seem to have become a forgotten corner of the job market. Instead of bosses picking workers, workers pick bosses.
1 It is difficult to recruit workers in the manufacturing industry: job seekers are not coming and people are leaving their job
Even if the salary is high Welfare also seems to be difficult to attract the favor of young people. Why is this? Let’s first take a look at a netizen’s recruitment diary.
A netizen in Panyu, Guangzhou was recently sent by his leader to recruit workers. Unexpectedly, it became his biggest problem since he started working.
In many areas with developed manufacturing industries, recruitment difficulties have existed for many years. In order to retain front-line workers, some companies can only adopt a strategy of continuous salary increases, and some even include stable employees in their corporate strategies.
Ms. Li, the person in charge of a garment factory in Guangzhou: In the past, the factory chose the workers, but now the workers choose the bosses. Now 90 People born in the 2000s and 2000s will not learn this anymore.
Some media reported that they could not recruit 700 people a day: the owner of a garment factory queued for 3 kilometers waiting to be picked by workers! Even the general workers who were recruited with a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan were snatched away by the factory next door with a monthly salary of 10,000 yuan as soon as they arrived at the site. Why can’t the factory recruit people?
The person in charge of recruitment at a clothing factory in Guangzhou, Guangdong: Some parking space workers have not come out yet. Those who come out charge a high price to do it. One person costs at least 700 yuan a day, usually 300 to 400 yuan. There is nothing you can do if you are in a hurry, no one will do it.
Today, factory workers are mainly young people born in the 1990s and 2000s. They grew up in an era when China’s economy was taking off. Their living conditions and education levels were generally higher than those of their predecessors. They had freer thoughts and more independent lives, and were unwilling to work in factories where they worked more and paid less.
2 40% of the new riders during the epidemic were manufacturing workers
On one side are graduates It is difficult to find a job, but on the other hand, a large number of factories have difficulty recruiting people. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, my country’s working population is currently nearly 900 million. Where have so many laborers gone?
With the rapid development of Internet service industries such as express delivery, takeout, and online ride-hailing, newcomers in the workplace have more choices.
China’s rapidly growing Internet service industry is like a rapidly expanding sponge, absorbing more and more young and middle-aged labor force.
Liu Xin, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China: One characteristic of the express delivery industry is that first, it is quick to get started, and second, you can control how much money you earn. Today’s young people prefer to live a life that they can control.
In 2019, the number of people employed in China’s express delivery business has exceeded 10 million, and the total number of catering delivery workers has exceeded 7 million. The epidemic in 2020 has intensified the movement of labor between industries. A certain platform once released data: 580,000 new riders were added within two months during the epidemic, 40% of which came from manufacturing workers.
Chen Xinxin, a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission’s Institute of Economic Research: In essence, the transfer of this labor force group is essentially from processing and manufacturing with relatively low skill requirements industry, and transferred to the express delivery industry with lower skill requirements in the service industry.
Many people who originally had decent jobs began to look for other options. Middle-aged programmers chose Didi, and designers with a monthly salary of 40,000 chose food delivery. For a time, blue-collar Internet workers It seems to be a place of hidden dragons and crouching tigers.
A data in 2018 caused an uproar. At that time, the number of domestic delivery boys was close to 7 million. Calculated in proportion, a master’s degree There are more than 70,000 delivery boys with a degree or above.
Chen Xinnian, a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission’s Institute of Economic Research: The phenomenon of “ice and fire” in employment is definitely abnormal. We hope that employers and job seekers are a good match for each other. , a virtuous circle appears.
3 The changes of the times behind the industrial transfer of labor force
Recruitment in the manufacturing industry is slow, but Internet employment is booming , this period between hot and cold is actually a change in people’s employment concepts under the changing times.
Looking back at the past, entering a factory was once the dream of a generation. In the 1980s, the clarion call for reform and opening up sounded across the land of China. Farmers who had cultivated fields for their ancestors suddenly Children have a new employment option – to work in cities. This is the main force in China’s “manufacturing factory” era. They are proud to work in factories as workers, supporting half of the manufacturing highlands such as the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta.
Data show that from 2008 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of migrant workers engaged in manufacturing was -2.84%. Most of the new generation of migrant workers are not Willing to follow the worker career path of their fathers. In 2019, among the 4 million riders of Meituan Takeout, 83.7% were under the age of 40.
Liu Xin, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China: In different eras, people will be keen on different industries, which is a normal phenomenon of social development.
Manufacturing factory Intelligent and automated equipment are becoming more and more perfect, and they are also reducing the positions of ordinary workers.
Although machines can replace the needs of a large number of ordinary workers, they are still difficult to replace the positions of many senior technicians. Among them, high salaries It is often hard to find a “craftsman”.
In Guangzhou Garment Village, the sewing process of a garment is accurately divided into different parts and processes, such as turning, four Threads, hems, collars, garment packaging, etc. Each link has different technical requirements for garment workers, among which the most difficult type of work is “turning”, which is also the most sought-after.
The job of a lathe is to complete the cutting and sewing of the main shape of a piece of clothing or trousers, and then the “fourth-line” workers will overlock and seam the clothes and turn them into ready-made garments. Many lathes also undertake “fourth-line” work at the same time. Carry out the overall production of a piece of clothing.
As the most popular type of work in the garment-making village, workers who work as “turners” often don’t have to worry about not being favored by their employers. There are many slightly Large-scale factories will choose to form long-term employment relationships with some workers, retaining technical talents on conditions such as food and accommodation. During the peak season, a skilled lathe worker often earns more than 10,000 yuan a month. In order to recruit a lathe worker, the factory owner Benefits such as “travel expenses reimbursement” are often offered to attract suitable workers.
Finishing, packaging of finished products and other tasks do not require high technical requirements for workers. From the perspective of practitioners, the industry is very inclusive.
“In our industry, we don’t pay much attention to age. What will you do in your 20s? If you don’t know how to turn a lathe, you still can’t do it. This industry requires people with rich experience, as well as academic qualifications and culture. Ah, these are not equal signs, it is purely a craft job. So if you have some lathe experience, it is more popular.” The owner of the aforementioned garment equipment sales store told reporters.
Photo source of clothing ingredients store in “Garment Making Village”: Photo by reporter Fang Jingyu
The current gap in technical talents is The bosses of the garment village feel this very clearly. “Although the wages of lathe workers are high, they do need to be able to endure hardships. People who have not yet entered the industry will not come to this industry if they have other choices, and young people will not do it.”
“It takes half a year to a year to learn the lathe position carefully. Now the post-90s and post-00s generation will never learn this thing. It is very tiring and the working hours are long. You have to work ten hours a day. It’s very hard to earn more than 10,000 yuan a month for two or three hours. And you don’t make much money during the off-season, so you go home to rest.” Several garment village factory owners reported this to reporters Condition.
With the development of the manufacturing industry, its employment threshold is increasing year by year, and knowledge-based and skilled labor will become the mainstream. But in the traditional sense, it takes three years for a skilled worker to become an apprentice and ten years to become a master. The training of senior technical workers is indeed much more difficult than that of a courier boy.
In recent years, China’s manufacturing output value has increased year after year. As of 2020, it has maintained its status as the world’s largest manufacturing country for eleven consecutive years. China’s trend from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power is unstoppable.
Yang Yansui, Director of the Employment and Social Security Research Center of Tsinghua University: Manufacturing is an important level that can measure a country’s productivity, technological progress, and the Internet society. In fact, they are improving the capabilities and levels of the manufacturing industry, not replacing it.
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