Characteristics of commonly used fibers
Cotton fiber: thin, soft, short fibers, varying lengths.
Hemp: Coarse, hard to the touch, light yellow, and difficult to distinguish individual fibers.
Wool: thicker and longer than cotton fiber, with a length of 60-120mm. It feels plump and elastic, with curly fibers and a milky white color.
Silk: long and uniform long fibers, fine in fineness, soft to the touch, soft in luster, and silky. The color is very light yellow. The silk length of a cocoon is: 600-1200mm.
Glossy rayon: white with dazzling luster, soft to the touch, but not as refreshing as silk, with a silky feel, and wet strength is much lower than dry strength.
Polyester: refreshing and stiff, strong, good elasticity, not easy to deform.
Nylon: waxy, strong, elastic, and easier to deform than polyester.
Characteristics of commonly used fabrics
Silk fabric: The silk surface is bright, soft, bright in color, thin and elegant.
Cotton fabric: It has the luster of natural cotton, is soft but not smooth, and has small impurities such as cotton seeds on the gray cloth surface.
Wool fabrics: Worsted woolen fabrics have a smooth and smooth surface, clear texture, soft luster, rich bones, good elasticity, and a waxy and smooth feel; woolen woolen fabrics have a rich and tight surface Soft, elastic, and shiny.
Line fabric: hard and refreshing. Polyester fabric: feels cool, has good elasticity, is not easy to wrinkle, and has sparkle in the sun.
Nylon fabric: It feels waxier and smoother than polyester, but it wrinkles more easily than polyester.
Acrylic fabric: It feels fluffy and has good stretchability, similar to wool fabric, but not as flexible as wool fabric.
Vinyl fabric: similar to cotton fabric, but not as soft and soft as cotton fabric, and the color is not bright.
01 Nylon
1. Definition of nylon: Nylon is the Chinese name of the synthetic fiber nylon, and its translated name is also called “nylon” “, “Nylon”, the scientific name is polyamide.
fibre, polyamide fiber. Since Jinzhou Chemical Fiber Factory is the first factory in my country to synthesize polyamide fiber, it is named “nylon”. It is the earliest synthetic fiber variety in the world and has been widely used due to its excellent performance and abundant raw material resources.
2. Performance of nylon:
Strength and good wear resistance, ranking first among all fibers head. Its wear resistance is 10 times that of cotton fiber, 10 times that of dry viscose fiber, and 140 times that of wet fiber. Therefore, its durability is excellent.
Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under small external force, so the fabric is easy to wrinkle during wearing. Poor ventilation and breathability, easy to generate static electricity.
The hygroscopicity of nylon fabric is better than that of synthetic fiber fabrics, so clothing made of nylon is more comfortable to wear than polyester clothing. It has good moth resistance and corrosion resistance.
The heat resistance and light resistance are not good enough, so the ironing temperature should be controlled below 140℃. During wearing and use, you must pay attention to the washing and maintenance conditions to avoid damaging the fabric. Nylon fabric is a light fabric and is only listed after polypropylene and acrylic fabrics among synthetic fabrics. Therefore, it is suitable for making mountaineering clothing, winter clothing, etc.
Polyamide, also called nylon, is polymerized from caprolactam. Its wear resistance is the best among all natural fibers and chemical fibers. Nylon short fiber is mainly used for blending with wool or other wool-type chemical fibers. Many textiles are mixed with nylon to improve their wear resistance, such as brocade gabardine, brocade vallidine, brocade tweed, brocade wool three-in-one gabardine, wool brocade navy, etc., which are all strong Durable nylon textile. In addition, various nylon socks, elastic socks, and nylon stockings are all woven with nylon filaments. Can also be made into carpets.
The three major categories of nylon. Nylon fiber fabrics can be divided into three categories: pure spinning, blended fabrics and interwoven fabrics. Each category contains many varieties.
1. Nylon pure fabrics are various fabrics woven with nylon filaments as raw materials, such as nylon taffeta, nylon crepe, etc. Because it is woven with nylon filament, it has the characteristics of smooth feel, strong durability and affordable price. It also has the disadvantage that the fabric is easy to wrinkle and difficult to recover. Nylon taffeta is mostly used to make lightweight clothing, down jackets or raincoat fabrics, while nylon crepe is suitable for summer dresses, spring and autumn shirts, etc.
2. Nylon blends and interwoven fabrics are fabrics obtained by blending or interweaving nylon filaments or short fibers with other fibers, which have the characteristics and strengths of each fiber. For example, viscose/nylon gabardine is made from a blended yarn of 15% nylon and 85% viscose. It has the characteristics of twice the warp density than the weft density, thick texture, toughness and durability. The disadvantage is that it has poor elasticity and is easy to wear. Wrinkles, reduced wet strength, and prone to sagging when worn. In addition, there are also varieties such as sticky/brocade Fanliding, sticky/brocade/wool tweed, etc., which are some commonly used fabrics.
02 Polyester
1. The definition of polyester:
Polyester is An important variety of synthetic fibers is the trade name of polyester fiber in my country. It is a fiber-forming polymer made from purified terephthalic acid (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG) through esterification or transesterification and polycondensation reaction. —Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a fiber made by spinning and post-processing.
2. Performance of polyester:
High strength. The strength of short fiber is 2.6~5.7cN/dtex, and the strength of high-strength fiber is 5.6~8.0cN/dtex. Due to its low hygroscopicity, its wet strength is basically the same as its dry strength.�, Vanidin et al. Industry: cords and fishing nets, also used as carpets, ropes, conveyor belts, screens, etc.
4. Acrylic fiber (bulky and light-fast)
Acrylic fiber performs very much like wool, so it is called “synthetic wool”. Molecular structure: Acrylic fiber is very unique in its internal structure. It has an irregular spiral conformation and does not have strict crystallization regions, but it can be divided into high-order and low-order arrangements. Because of this structure, acrylic fiber has good thermal elasticity (can be processed into bulked yarn), acrylic fiber has a low density, smaller than wool, and the fabric has good warmth retention. Features: Very good sunlight resistance and weather resistance (ranking first), poor moisture absorption, and difficult to dye. Pure acrylic fiber has poor wearability due to its tight internal structure. Therefore, its performance is improved by adding a second and third monomer. The second monomer improves elasticity and feel, and the third monomer improves dyeability. Usage: Mainly used for civilian purposes, it can be spun purely or blended to make a variety of woolen materials, woolen yarns, blankets, and sportswear. It can also be used: artificial fur, plush, bulked yarn, hoses, parasol cloth, etc.
5. Vinyl (water-soluble hygroscopic)
The biggest feature is its high hygroscopicity. It is the best among synthetic fibers and is known as “synthetic cotton”. The strength is worse than that of brocade and polyester, but it has good chemical stability and is not resistant to strong acid and alkali. Sunlight resistance and weather resistance are also very good, but it is resistant to dry heat but not wet heat (shrinkage) and has the worst elasticity. The fabric is easy to wrinkle, dyeing is poor, and the color is not bright. Usage: Multi-cotton blended fabrics: muslin, poplin, corduroy, underwear, canvas, tarpaulin, packaging materials, work clothes, etc.
6. Polypropylene fiber (lightweight and warm)
Polypropylene fiber is the lightest fiber among common chemical fibers. It is almost non-hygroscopic, but has good wicking ability, high strength, dimensionally stable fabrics, good abrasion resistance and elasticity, and good chemical stability. But: poor thermal stability, not resistant to sunlight, and prone to aging and brittleness.
Uses: Can be used to knit socks, mosquito nets, quilts, thermal fillers, wet diapers, etc. Industrially: carpets, fishing nets, canvas, hoses, medical tapes to replace cotton gauze and make sanitary products.
7. Spandex (elastic fiber)
The best elasticity, the worst strength, poor moisture absorption, good light resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, Abrasion resistance. Usage: Spandex is widely used in textile fields, medical fields, etc. based on its characteristics, such as underwear, women’s underwear, casual wear, sportswear, socks, pantyhose, bandages, etc. Spandex is a highly elastic fiber necessary for high-performance clothing that pursues dynamics and convenience. Spandex can stretch 5-7 times longer than the original shape, so it is comfortable to wear, soft to the touch, wrinkle-free, and can always maintain its original contour.
06 Summary
1. Polyester, nylon: cross-sectional shape: round or special-shaped; Longitudinal shape: smooth
2. Polyester: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, smoking, slow burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, sometimes extinguishing itself; Odor: special aromatic sweetness; Residue characteristics: hard black beads
3. Nylon: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: amino smell; residue characteristics: hard Light brown transparent round beads
4. Acrylic fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: spicy; residue characteristics: black Irregular beads, fragile
5. Spandex fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: peculiar smell; residue Physical characteristics: white gelatin. </p
