Abstract: The semi-worsted spinning process route is introduced, and the configuration and arrangement of the main and auxiliary equipment in the semi-worsted production workshop are discussed. Due to the different properties of the raw materials used, the air conditioning system of each set of equipment in each process must also be modified. Matters that should be paid attention to in process design are explained.
Keywords: workshop; technology; design; transformation; semi-worsted spinning After rapid development in recent years, semi-worsted spinning has begun to be used in cotton spinning, silk spinning, wool spinning and other industries. Depending on the scale, various enterprises have adjusted their layouts, using cotton, wool, silk, hemp and chemical fiber as the main raw materials. Through partial transformation of cotton spinning equipment, they have adopted a process route that combines wool spinning, cotton spinning and silk spinning to produce various types of pure products. Spun and blended yarn is an innovative technology in my country’s textile industry.
The process flow of semi-worsted spinning is generally a combination of cotton spinning equipment and wool spinning equipment, but Each enterprise has certain differences in equipment selection, configuration, arrangement and other details depending on which type of products they are spinning. Semi-worsted production is very different from traditional mass production. Its main characteristics are: (1) Small batch size and multiple batches. (2) Various colors and high requirements on environment and machine hygiene. (3) The ingredients of raw materials are complex and the process changes frequently. (4) High grade. Vehicle speed is low. Therefore, different processes and management must be adapted to the production of different varieties. The varieties of semi-worsted production are formulated by each enterprise according to the needs of the market. After the market changes, the pattern of varieties will also change. Therefore, it is required to break the traditional thinking in the design and transformation of semi-worsted production workshop and fully reflect the applicability and flexibility of process changes.
1. Semi-worsted spinning process route and supporting equipment. Semi-worsted spinning initially has more wool products, which is between worsted woolen spinning and rough woolen spinning. A technological innovation among carded wool spinning, its products have developed to the production of cotton, silk, linen and other colored yarns. This requires semi-worsted equipment to take into account the performance of various raw materials and the production process of various varieties. Reasonable configuration. The original equipment should be transformed accordingly to achieve organic integration, so that it can produce a complete range of products and a wide range of spinning fineness.
The nature of raw materials and product style determine the semi-worsted process route. The general process route is as follows: Dispersed fibers are mixed with wool machines, and then passed through blow cleaning or clear steel linking or feeding wool. The bucket is fed to the carding machine for carding, and then 2 to 4 drawing passes are performed to complete the strip making. Then comes roving, ring spinning and spun yarn (rotor spinning can also be used), and finally winding, electric cleaning, double yarn twisting, winding (yarn steaming and singeing processes can also be configured), finished product inspection, and packaging.
(1) The Hemao machine is generally equipped with two sets (B262, B261) and 2 to 3 wool warehouses, one large – IJ, the small one is used for small batches, and the large one is used for large batches to adapt to The need for simultaneous production of multiple varieties.
(2) The bristle hopper generally uses a volumetric oscillating bristle feeding hopper or a weighing bristle hopper. However, most bristle hoppers are not accurate enough, and the feeding part generally does not self-level. Moreover, the feeding between the feeding part and the carding machine is not smooth enough. Especially for some types of raw materials, the feeding lag is serious and the strip quality is not uniform enough. It can only be solved by drawing. Different manufacturers have improved the feeding part. Different, its effect can basically meet the needs of production. How to make feeding smooth and improve the unevenness of raw strips is worth exploring.
(3) For varieties with large batches and good roll forming effects, the short-process blowroom of “two knives and two boxes” can be used. The principle is to comb instead of beat. Compared with the bristle hopper, the blowroom has good openness, the roll feeds the carded cotton more smoothly, and the unevenness is low. At the same time, a self-leveling device can be installed at the balance device to improve the unevenness of the roll.
(4) The configuration of the clearing steel unit is adaptable to most semi-worsted raw materials and combines the advantages of the blowroom and wool feeding hoppers. Its disadvantages are large volume and long process, which is not suitable for small batches. , many varieties, especially small samples of several kilograms, which are difficult to clean, and the price is high and the flexibility is low.
(5) The configuration of carding machines requires several more units than traditional cotton spinning. It is generally suitable to have one set and 6 units in rough configuration to meet the needs of low-speed and coarse wool yarns of high-end varieties (such as silk cashmere). line (such as 25 ~ 50rex) needs. The selection of metal card clothing for the carding element should be based on the characteristics of the semi-worsted raw material, which is longer than the cotton fiber, finer, and the variety of blended fibers. When selecting card clothing, you should choose a general-purpose card clothing with a larger working angle than spinning cotton, a lower needle height than spinning cotton, and a moderate density to facilitate carding and transfer. For manufacturers with a certain scale, different carding sets can be equipped with different types of card clothing to meet the needs of different properties of raw materials. At the same time, a frequency conversion device should be installed to meet the needs of carding different raw materials and enhance the adaptability of the equipment.
(6) The number of drawing passes varies depending on the variety. Some special varieties even use 5 passes. Generally, one set of 4 to 5 sections is suitable. After semi-worsted raw materials are dyed, static electricity is serious, and the anti-static ability of the top roller is required to be high. Nylon 6 coating is generally used to increase the anti-static ability.
(7) The roving frames mostly use medium-length models with frequency conversion devices to adapt to the flexibility of changing processes and cleaning and hygiene.
(8) It is generally advisable to use one set of spinning machines and four roughly matched spinning machines. At the same time, a frequency conversion device should be installed. Compact spinning can be used for special varieties to improve the quality of the yarn and make the yarn more stable. Indicators such as balling, fluffing, hairiness, and strength have reached high-end levels. Semi-worsted woven yarn is spun using rotor spinning equipment, and its yarn resistance to fluffing, pilling, evenness, body and bone, etc.Qualification issues can be improved.
(9) Due to serious static electricity, metal grooved drum can be used for winding. At the same time, it should be equipped with electric cleaner and empty twister to improve the grade of yarn. Some manufacturers use self-winding to reduce artificial yarn defects, achieve no yarn splicing, and meet the needs of high-grade yarns. In short, when selecting equipment, the flexibility and applicability of modified varieties should be fully considered, including factors such as process changes and convenience in cleaning and sanitation. Cotton spinning requires “high speed, large capacity” and pursues efficient technology. Its equipment models are developing rapidly, while semi-worsted production is characterized by “multiple varieties, small batches, high grade, and low speed”. Now some new models of equipment in the cotton spinning industry are not very suitable for semi-worsted spinning. These are all worth discussing.
2. Equipment Arrangement Due to the different proportions of raw materials in semi-worsted spinning, the spinning process of each raw material has environmental requirements. Big difference. For example, the relative humidity of spinning products with a high proportion of silk (85/15 silk cashmere) requires a relative humidity of 80%, while the relative humidity of spinning products with a high proportion of cotton (80/20 cotton rabbit velvet) cannot exceed 70%. Therefore, in terms of the layout of traditional production workshops, it is difficult to control the air conditioners individually at any time. Secondly, semi-worsted spinning is mainly colored spinning, and the colors of its varieties vary widely. During the production process, it is required to prevent flying flowers and pinched flowers. When changing varieties, the cleanliness of the machine must be strictly controlled, including the entire production environment of the process.
Therefore, when arranging equipment, it is necessary to divide it into areas, sets, and processes, and use simple walls or other building materials to separate them into groups. At the same time, certain effective intervals should be set aside to meet the needs of partition, set, process, and variety management, so that it is more convenient to frequently turn over batches, change processes when the machine is on, clean the machine, and clean the site, and the processes are independent of each other. interference. Each process and each set can be produced continuously, which provides favorable conditions for improving equipment operation rate and reducing downtime. This is completely different from the design idea of traditional cotton spinning production.
3. The transformation of air conditioning allows the environmental requirements of each set and process to be controlled at any time and individually according to the needs of different types of raw material spinning. This is a traditional textile Factory air conditioners cannot achieve this. When arranging equipment, separate areas, sets, and processes with simple walls or other building materials. This provides the possibility for the air conditioner to be controlled individually at any time. Generally, a small air cooler is installed in each separate space, and a humidification device is installed in a separate line, and through steam heating, humidification devices and other means, the requirements for cooling and humidification in summer and heating and humidification in winter can be achieved, and It can be controlled and adjusted individually at any time to meet production needs.
4. Configuration of auxiliary equipment Most of the raw materials processed by semi-worsted spinning have been dyed. After dyeing, the properties of the raw materials have changed greatly, and some acids and alkalis are likely to remain. or additives, causing serious static electricity during production. Coupled with the high air humidity, the spinning channels and parts are easily rusted. Therefore, the selection of card clothing and the antistatic ability of the thick and thin top rollers are important. , rollers, travellers, steel rings and other parts have very strict requirements and are worth discussing and trying. The biggest feature of semi-worsted production is that the process changes quickly and the batch numbers are numerous. The application of the frequency conversion device provides convenience for process changes, and the frequency conversion device saves energy significantly when the machine is frequently turned on and off. The use of blowing and suction devices provides convenience for cleaning and batch turning at any time during the production process. In order to facilitate cleaning and prevent airborne flowers and flowers from being caught, some manufacturers paint or paste ceramic tiles on the floors and walls of semi-worsted production workshops to make the entire production environment clean and tidy. Some manufacturers also use lint-free fabrics to make work clothes specifically to uniformly dress employees to prevent sticking and pinching.
5. Storage and transportation of semi-finished products. Semi-worsted spinning is mostly dyed spinning with various colors. Some raw materials are dyed. The cohesion is extremely poor, and the semi-finished products are easily rotten. This requires the storage and transportation tools of the semi-finished products to be as smooth as possible to avoid smearing and sticking to the semi-finished products. Moreover, the transportation tools are required to be closed. Some manufacturers also specialize in making cabinets. Put the roving in to prevent flying flowers and moisture loss, and ensure the smooth production of the next process.
6. Conclusion
(1) Use two or two More than two kinds of colored fibers, blended in an appropriate proportion, can be spun into colored yarn with a complete color spectrum, which can better meet the needs of knitting yarn, and the added value of colored yarn is higher, and at the same time, it can better meet the color fastness of the finished product. degree requirements.
(2) Semi-worsted uses cashmere, mulberry silk and other high-grade fibers as raw materials, and can make full use of various new fibers. Its process is shorter than traditional worsted spinning, the production cost is low, and the product’s cost-effectiveness and The grade is also very high, providing companies with greater profit margins. Therefore, the design and transformation of semi-worsted production workshops should break the traditional spinning concept, and the production environment should be clean and tidy.
(3) The production of semi-worsted spinning is an innovative technology. There are still many deficiencies in its product style and many difficulties in the production process. Therefore, equipment selection, design and modification are worthy of the attention of equipment manufacturers. Discuss research with spinning mills.
</p
