Due to the complexity of the three-component fiber combination, mixing ratio, fiber gloss, dyeing performance, staining, etc., the dyeing and color matching of three-component fiber textiles is much more complicated than that of two-component fiber products. The available dyeing Color effects vary due to changes in the above factors. Generally speaking, it is very difficult to dye the same color effect, while it is relatively simple to dye different colors, blanks, and different colors plus blanks.
If the dyeing properties of the three fibers are different, they need to be dyed with three types of dyes respectively. Not only is it difficult to dye the same color, but also due to the mutual staining of the three dyes among the three fibers , making it difficult to obtain multi-color dyeing effects with sharp contrast effects.
If two of the fibers are dyed in thick or light colors or different colors, one fiber will be left white. This is easier to achieve; if two of the fibers are dyed in thick or light colors, one fiber will be left white. Dyeing contrasting colors, such a different color dyeing effect is also easy to achieve. For example, three-component fiber textile products dyed with disperse dyes, cationic dyes, and acid dyes. Since the disperse dyes affect the hue of the fibers that can be dyed with two ionic dyes, three-color heterochromatic dyeing has a different hue. It is subject to considerable restrictions and difficulty.
01 Same color
The same color effect (solideffect or union-dye effect) refers to two fibers Dyeing to a similar hue or tone, with similar apparent color depth or color shade, and similar color brightness. If expressed by color characteristic values, the same color effect means that the lightness or brightness L of the two fibers is similar, the reddish-greenish index a and the yellowish-blue index b are similar, the hue angle H is similar, the chroma C is similar, and the reflection The spectral curve is similar to the maximum absorption wavelength λmax, and the apparent color depth K/S value is similar.
One-color dyeing is the most commonly used dyeing method for bicomponent fiber textiles. It is developed for the purpose of reducing raw material costs, improving durability and improving the physical properties of fabrics. This is especially true for bicomponent fiber textiles.
The difficulty of dyeing the same color varies greatly depending on the fiber combination. For fiber combinations with similar dyeing properties, it is easier to dye the same color; for fiber combinations with extremely different dyeing properties, as long as the two fibers are dyed separately, the same color problem can be solved through color matching. It is easier for the two types of dyes to stain the two types of fibers. In cases where the stain is small or easily removed, same-color staining is also relatively easy.
The most difficult thing for same-color dyeing is bicomponent fiber textiles made of disperse dye-dyed polyester fiber and other disperse dye-dyeable fibers (such as acetate or other synthetic fibers). Although the dyeing amount of disperse dyes on the two fibers can be adjusted by changing the dyeing temperature and adding dyeing carriers, this adjustment has certain limits. Of course, for polyester/nylon or acrylic blended interwoven products, acidic or cationic dyes can be used to adjust the nylon or acrylic to the same color as the polyester. For same-color dyeing of acetate/polyester interwoven products, if the acetate fibers are dyed in deep and dense colors, the acetate fibers are easily damaged under harsh dyeing conditions. Therefore, one-bath dyeing of deep and dense colors in the same color is actually not feasible.
Bi-component fiber textile products that are easier to obtain same-color dyeing effects, such as nylon or acrylic blends that can be dyed with acid dyes and nylon, polyester or acrylic blends that can be dyed with cationic dyes. , because the degree of staining between the two types of dyes/fibers is small, it is easy to obtain the same color through color matching, and the dyeing reproducibility is also good.
Differences in gloss, light transmittance, etc. of each component fiber in bicomponent fiber textiles often affect the same color effect. For example, optical fiber/wool blended products are not as matt as Rayon or synthetic/wool blends are prone to dyeing in the same color.
02 White space
The white space effect means that one fiber is dyed, while the other fiber is not colored and remains white. . In some interlaced jacquard textiles, this white space effect is often called “silver flash”. White dyeing requires that when dyeing one fiber, one dye cannot contaminate the other fiber. It must have an excellent reserve effect on the other fiber. Otherwise, it will be difficult to obtain a pure white “silver” appearance.
The difficulty of white dyeing depends on the fiber combination of the two-component fiber textile, the selected dyeing materials, dyeing process conditions, etc. The rationality of the fiber combination is to leave The white effect is the first element that should be considered in textile design.
In order to obtain a good blank dyeing effect, fibers with widely different dyeing properties should be used as raw materials, and the gloss of the blank fiber itself should often be better than that of the dyed fiber.
The dyeability of synthetic fibers is usually worse than that of natural fibers and ordinary rayon. When dyeing natural fibers and rayon, synthetic fibers generally do not stain or stain to a very low degree. Small, therefore, it is easier to obtain a good white space effect when synthetic fiber is used as the white space fiber component. Typical examples include wool/polyester, silk/polyester, wool/acetate, viscose/polypropylene and other blended interwoven products. When wool, silk, and viscose fibers are dyed, polyester, polypropylene, and acetate fibers generally do not stain; However, if wool is used as the white fiber component, white dyeing is very difficult and almost impossible, because when using disperse dyes to dye acetate and polyester fibers, wool is particularly stained, and disperse dyes are Stain on wool is difficult to remove.
For protein fiber/regenerated cellulose fiber textiles, many acid dyes are�A combination of dyed synthetic fibers (such as nylon/acrylic fiber), a combination of protein fibers and cellulose fibers. For combinations containing synthetic fibers, if a solution-dyed fiber is added to the raw material, a multi-color effect (multi-coloured) can also be obtained through appropriate dyeing methods.
In heterochromatic dyeing, it should be possible to avoid staining of each fiber component. It is best for the two types of dyes to be used to prevent the two types of fiber components from staining each other. Because staining not only affects the brightness and contrast of the color, but also increases the difficulty of color matching and reduces the washing and rubbing fastness of dyed products. When a fiber is heavily stained, it can be difficult to achieve a contrasting color effect.
For bicomponent fiber textiles with disperse dye dyeable fiber/ionic dye dyeable fiber, if the disperse dye can dye both fibers (such as polyester/nylon, Polyester/acrylic fiber), when dyed with disperse dyes/ionic dyes, although heterochromatic dyeing effects can be obtained, the color combination of the two fibers is subject to certain restrictions.
In terms of dyeing methods, it is best when the two types of dyes are compatible and the two types of fibers do not stain each other or the staining is easy to remove with detergent. Adopt a simple dyeing method in the same bath. For example, polyester/cellulose fiber products are dyed with disperse dyes with low staining and good washability and high-temperature direct dyes or reactive dyes in the same bath. When the dyeing conditions of two types of dyes are quite different or one fiber is seriously stained, the two-bath dyeing method should be adopted, and water washing, soaping or reduction cleaning should be carried out between the two types of dyes. When the charge properties of the two types of dyes are opposite, anti-sedimentation agents need to be added for one-bath dyeing. However, it is not suitable to use one-bath dyeing for deep and dense colors. Instead, two-bath dyeing or one-bath two-step dyeing should be used.
At present, in the field of fashion, many blended interwoven fabrics add gold and silver threads to enhance the attractiveness of clothing colors. You must pay attention to the heterochromatic dyeing of such fabrics. The effects of dyeing temperature and dyeing agents on the luster of gold and silver filaments and the staining of gold and silver filaments by disperse dyes.
05 Dyeing Equipment
The combination of multiple fibers can give new fabrics different feel, color, and fullness from single fiber fabrics Sex, fluffiness, crepe effect, drape, unique appearance and other styles, and the acquisition of these styles is closely related to the reasonable selection of dyeing equipment. Reasonable selection of dyeing equipment can ensure the acquisition of these styles while ensuring dyeing quality.
According to the overall dyeing situation of multi-component fiber textiles, the main products dyed by continuous dyeing machines are polyester/cellulose fiber blended fabrics, such as polyester/cotton cloth. The dye combinations are disperse/reactive, disperse/reducing and disperse/sulfide. In addition, multi-component fiber textile fabrics are more often dyed by intermittent exhaust dyeing. Woven fabrics are commonly dyed with open-width jig dyeing machines, beam dyeing machines, and jet overflow dyeing machines, while knitted fabrics are dyed with winch-shaped rope dyeing machines and jet overflow dyeing machines. High-temperature dyeing equipment is used for dyeing polyester-containing varieties. . Blended yarns are commonly dyed on skein and cheese dyeing machines.
There are many methods for manufacturing multi-component fiber textiles, and there are also many corresponding dyeing methods. Dyeing can be carried out in all aspects of the manufacturing of multi-component fiber fabrics. According to the physical form of the dyeing processing objects, there are usually four dyeing methods: loose fiber or top dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing, and garment dyeing. The advantages and disadvantages of these four dyeing methods and their main applicable objects are as follows: Display:
06 Staining method
There are usually four dyeing methods for bicomponent fiber textiles:
1. One dye, one bath and one step (single-class): one dye is used in the same dye bath and the same dye. Dye two fibers at the same time under dyeing conditions, such as reactive dyes dyeing cotton/linen fabrics at the same time;
2. Two dyes in one bath (one bath): two dyes in one bath Two types of fibers are dyed separately in the same dye bath at the same time. For example, polyester/cotton blended fabrics are dyed with disperse/direct dyes in the same bath;
3. Two dyes in one bath and two steps ( two-stage): Two dyes are dyed in two steps in the same bath. For example, polyester/cotton fabrics are dyed with Terasil disperse dyes/Cibacron LS reactive dyes in the same bath. The dispersion dyes are first used to dye polyester under high temperature and high pressure. During the dyeing process, the temperature is lowered to 70°C and an alkali agent is added to react the reactive dye with the cotton fiber, thereby completing the dyeing process of the cotton fiber; 4. Two-bath method with two dyes ( two-bath): Two dyes are used to dye two fibers in two baths in sequence. For example, polyester/cotton fabrics are first dyed with disperse dyes, and then overdyed with reactive dyes after reduction and cleaning.
The dyeing of bicomponent fiber textiles is based on the dyeing of single fibers, and the dyeing of bicomponent fiber textiles is the basis of the dyeing of three-component fiber textiles. Therefore When formulating the dyeing process conditions for multi-component fiber textiles, it is necessary to fully understand the dyes used for single fibers, dyeing process conditions, and the impact of each dyeing process parameter on dyeing. If the dyeing temperature and pH value of the two fibers are similar, there are prerequisites for one-bath dyeing. If the dyeing conditions differ greatly, the two-bath method or the one-bath two-step method must be used. </p
