Introduction
Use high-tech finishing technology on textile fabrics to increase their functionality to protect textiles from various adverse environmental effects, such as ultraviolet radiation, harsh climate, Microorganisms or bacteria, high temperatures, chemicals such as acids, alkali and mechanical wear, etc. Internationally, the profits and high added value of functional textiles are often achieved through post-finishing.
1. Foaming coating technology
Foaming coating Technology has recently developed. The latest research in India shows that the heat resistance of textile materials is mainly achieved through large amounts of air trapped in the porous structure. To improve the heat resistance of textiles coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PU), it is only necessary to add certain foaming agents to the coating formulation. Researchers say that the foam used in PVC coatings The foaming agent is more effective than the PU coating. This is because the foaming agent forms a more effective closed air layer in the PVC coating, and the heat loss on the adjacent surface is reduced by 10%-15%.
2. Silicone finishing technology
The best silicone coating can make the fabric Tear resistance increased by over 50%. The silicone elastomer coating’s high flexibility and low elastic modulus allow yarns to migrate and form strands when the fabric tears. The tearing strength of general fabrics is always lower than the tensile strength. However, when coated, the yarn can be moved at the tear extension point, and two or more yarns push each other to form a yarn bundle and significantly improve the tear resistance.
The silicone coating can produce a water-repellent effect so that the textile does not absorb too much water, which would increase the weight due to the soaking effect. This silicone rubber layer filters out most of the harmful UV rays in sunlight and is soft to the touch. Silicone coatings are now used in airbag fabrics, hot air balloons, paragliders, spinnakers, tents, sleeping bags, and many high-performance sports and leisure fabrics.
3. Waterproof and oil-repellent finishing technology
The surface of the lotus leaf is a regular micro-surface Structured surface that prevents droplets from wetting the surface. This microstructure traps air between the droplets and the surface of the lotus leaf. Lotus leaf has a natural self-cleaning effect, which is super protective. The Northwest Textile Research Center in Germany is using the potential generated by pulsed UV lasers to try to imitate this surface. The fiber surface is photon surface treated with pulsed UV laser (excited state laser) to produce a regular micron-scale structure.
If modified in a gaseous or liquid active medium, photon treatment can be performed simultaneously with hydrophobic or oleophobic finishing. In the presence of perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene, it can be bonded to the terminal hydrophobic group by irradiation. Further research work is to perfect the surface roughness of the modified fibers as much as possible and combine appropriate hydrophobic/oleophobic groups to obtain super protective properties. This self-cleaning effect and the low maintenance required during use have great potential for use in high-tech fabrics.
4. Antibacterial finishing technology
The existing antibacterial finishing range is very wide, and its basic function is The ways are: interacting with cell membranes, acting in the metabolic process or acting in the core material. Oxidants such as acetaldehyde, halogens, and peroxides first attack the cell membrane of microorganisms or penetrate the cytoplasm to act on their enzymes. Fatty alcohols act as coagulants, irreversibly denaturing protein structures in microorganisms. Chitosan is a cheap and easily available antibacterial agent. The protonated amino group in chitosan can bind to the surface of negatively charged bacterial cells to inhibit bacteria. Other compounds, such as halides and isotriazane peroxides, are highly reactive as free radicals because they contain a free electron.
Quaternary ammonium compounds, biguanamine and glucosamine prion, exhibit special polycationic, porosity and absorption properties. When applied to textile fibers, these antimicrobial chemicals bind to the cell membranes of microorganisms, causing the oleophobic polysaccharide structure to break, ultimately leading to membrane puncture and cell rupture. Silver compounds are used because of their complexing action that prevents microbial metabolism. However, silver is more effective against negative bacteria than positive bacteria, but less effective against fungi.
5. Worsted wool fabric anti-felt finishing technology
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, traditional chlorine-containing anti-felt finishing technology The felting finishing method is being restricted and will be replaced by non-chlorine finishing processes. Non-chlorine oxidation methods, plasma technology and enzyme treatment are inevitable trends in anti-felting finishing of wool in the future.
6. Multi-functional composite finishing technology of textiles
At present, multi-functional composite finishing makes textile products more advanced and high-grade. Directional development can not only overcome the shortcomings of textiles themselves, but also give textiles multi-functionality. Multifunctional composite finishing is a technology that combines two or more functions into one textile to improve the grade and added value of the product.
This technology has been increasingly used in the finishing of cotton, wool, silk, chemical fiber, composite and blended interwoven fabrics.
For example: anti-wrinkle and no-iron/enzyme washing composite finishing, anti-wrinkle and no-iron/decontamination composite finishing, anti-wrinkle and no-iron/anti-staining composite finishing, so that the fabric can be wrinkle-free and non-ironing on the basis of New functions have been added; fibers with anti-ultraviolet and antibacterial functions can be used as swimwear, mountaineering clothing and T-shirt fabrics; fibers with waterproof, moisture-permeable and antibacterial functions can be used in comfortable underwear; anti-ultraviolet and anti-infrared rays and antimicrobial (cooling, antibacterial) fibers for high-performance sportswear, casual wear, etc. At the same time, the application of nanomaterials to perform multi-functional composite finishing of pure cotton or cotton/chemical fiber blended fabrics is also a development trend in the future. </p
