In the production and processing of dyeing and printing, if quality management is not strict, printing and dyeing defects are very likely to occur. As a fabric purchasing and ordering personnel of a cloth line or brand company, whether they have the knowledge of printing and dyeing defects is the cause of the defects. , is the basic prerequisite for doing your job well. Similarly, as a printing and dyeing company, only by strictly guarding against possible quality problems in every process can we produce finished fabrics with a high passing rate.
Introducing 62 common printing and dyeing defects, all of which are enough to seriously depreciate the value of fabrics or even scrap them, which just proves that “quality is no small matter.”
1 Oil droplet-shaped stains (“GasolineSpot”)
★★★★★
Appearance: It mostly occurs on E/R blended fabrics. After dyeing, there are oil drop-like spots, which are slightly darker than normal parts. Observe with a magnifying glass, the tips of the velvet in the dark-colored areas of the fabric appear in the shape of tiny beads, and there are more velvet than the normal areas.
Cause: This is due to uneven singeing. In the heavily dyed areas, the plush cannot be fully burned out and becomes a melted mass at the tip. It has strong color absorption, so the dyeing is thicker.
(“Uneven singeing”)
2 Bumang (“Fuzz, Nap”)
★★★★★
Appearance: After dyeing and finishing, the fabric still has slight plush on the surface, which is different from the color of the cloth grain.
Causes: 1). The singeing is not sufficient and the hairiness on the cloth surface is not completely burned out. 2). When dyeing using a liquid flow dyeing machine, the jet from the nozzle is too strong.
(“Insufficient singeing”)
3 Scouring spot (“Scouring spot”)
★★★★★
Appearance: During the scouring process, the non-fibrous substances in the fabric dropped from the scouring are combined with the scouring agent, mixed with the lint dropped from the fabric, and adhered to the surface of the fabric. There are irregular flaky yellow marks on the cloth surface. If you scratch it lightly with your fingernail, short lint and debris will fall off.
Causes: 1). The scouring agent is easy to condense at room temperature. 2). When refining in a refining kettle, the water washing is not sufficient or the washing temperature is low. 3). In continuous refining, there are sediments accumulated in the refining chamber, or there is too much foam in the refining tank and the roller surface is unclean.
(“Refining Agent Condensation”)
4. Bleached Hole (“Bleached Hole”)
★★★★★
Appearance: The gray cloth is normal. After hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the warp or weft yarns on the cloth surface are broken, forming small holes.
Cause: There is rust on the cloth, or the water in the bleaching bath contains iron ions. During the bleaching process of the cloth, it rapidly oxidizes with hydrogen peroxide and causes the yarn to break.
(“Rust Oxidation”)
5 Colorful Flowers (“Skilteriness”)
★★★★★
Appearance: The cloth surface has irregular flakes of color.
Cause: The desizing and refining of the pre-treatment project were not completely completed.
(“Not Completely Refined”)
6 Mist (“Mist”)
★★★
Appearance: Flaky stains, varying in depth and shallow, with indistinct outlines, varying shapes and sizes, not concentrated in locations, and with no definite rules.
Causes: 1). The fabric to be dyed was splashed with sewage or other chemicals. 2). If the fabric is not dried immediately after bleaching and is accumulated on the cloth cart for a long time, some fabrics will have air-drying watermarks. 3). The embryo cloth is stained with oil, and the traces left after scrubbing with a strong detergent during embryo inspection.
(“The bleaching process was not dried in time”)
7 Inperfect Penetration Of Dye (“Inperfect Penetration Of Dye”)
★★★
Appearance: The dyed cloth surface appears in the shape of dark and light clouds.
Causes: 1). Insufficient desizing and seminal slurry, or wax and other substances removed after processing and then attached to the fabric. 2). During bath dyeing, the bath ratio is too small and the heating rate is too fast, causing the dyeing liquid to gel.
(“Uneven singeing”)
8 Color difference (“aberration”)
★★★
Appearance: For dyed or printed fabrics, the color of the finished product or the color of the printed pattern is not exactly the same as specified.
Causes: 1). The sample used for the specified color sample is too small, and the exact color matching cannot be achieved after proofing. 2). When preparing dyeing liquid or printing paste, weighing dyes and auxiliaries is not accurate enough. 3). The manufacturing process and sampling conditions did not fully match, and no empirical corrections were made.
(“Inaccurate color matching”)
9 cylinder color difference (“aberration”)
★★★
Appearance: A large batch of fabrics are dyed several times in several vats or one vat. If the fabrics are not dyed in the same vat, there will be differences in the shades of color.
Reason: Although each cylinder has the same type, its functions will be slightly different. In the dyeing process, the conditions of each operation are not the same.
(“Operation Differences”)
10 Yin and Yang colors (“aberration”)
★★★
Appearance: Full-width dyed fabric, there is color difference between the front and back sides.
Causes: 1). The press-dyeing roller comes out of the edge of the cloth, and the traveling direction of the cloth is not in the same plane as the suction line. 2). When pre-drying after press dyeing, the heat received by both sides of the fabric is different. 3). During resin processing, the wind speeds experienced by both sides of the fabric are different.
(“Uneven Coloring”)
Printing Stop Mark
★★★★
Appearance: The pattern of the printed fabric has a trace of mixing and infiltration of various printing pastes with a width of about 5 to 15 cm along the width direction of the fabric, but no pattern is displayed.
Cause: The printing machine stopped running, and the printing roller or roller did not rise immediately and continued to press on the cloth surface, causing excessive printing paste to penetrate into the cloth.
(“Excessive printing paste penetration”)
54 Hair spots (“Splash”)
★★★★
Appearance: After priming, dyeing or printing, the fabric will have lighter irregular flaky spots on the surface of the fabric after color development treatment.
Causes: 1). The ratio of the concentration of base liquid and color liquid of **phenol dye is inappropriate. 2). The drying temperature after priming is too high. 3). The reducing agent used in continuous dyeing is not completely dissolved. 4). During the hot steaming process, the air in the steamer is not completely eliminated, so the fabric is in contact with the air. 5).During the hot steaming process, the temperature inside the steamer is not uniform. 6). The oxidation of the dye is incomplete. 7). After dyeing or printing and before color development, the fabric is exposed to direct sunlight.
(“Improper Color Mixing”)
55 Resin spots (“pitch spot”)
★★★★
Appearance: The finished fabric processed by resin has dry and solid resin spots on the cloth surface. It looks shiny and reflective, and feels smooth and stiff when touched.
Cause: During the resin processing process, the resin is not fully and evenly dissolved. The fabric passes through the resin slurry tank and adheres to the cloth surface. It is then squeezed by the roller and forms a sheet that adheres tightly to the cloth surface.
(“Resin not fully dissolved”)
56 Surface resin (《Surface resin》)
★★★★
Appearance: The finished product has been processed by resin. The resin floats on the cloth surface. If you lightly scratch it with your fingernail, it will produce scratches.
Cause: During resin processing, the resin pressure absorption rate is too high and the temperature at which drying begins is too high.
(“Resin pressure absorption rate is too large”)
57 Hair Ball (“pilling”)
★★★★
Appearance: The finished fabric processed by resin has pilling on the surface. Woolen fabrics, polyester short fiber products, and blended fabrics with polyester short fiber are more likely to occur.
Causes: 1). Before the fabric is processed with resin, there is still a lot of hairiness on the surface. 2). During resin processing, no anti-pilling agent or appropriate smoothing agent is added to the resin liquid.
(“Uneven singeing”)
58 “split yarn”
★★★★
Appearance: Weft-knitted fabric, one row of loops is pulled apart to become straight.
Cause: When weft-knitted fabrics are being shaped or processed with resin, the fabric is fed in the wrong direction, causing a row of loops to be straightened.
(“Incorrect cloth feeding direction”)
59 The cloth is shiny (“Shiny cloth”)
★★★★
Appearance: The fabric surface is too flat and has undesirable shine, which mostly occurs in chemical fiber knitted fabrics.
Cause: Too much tension is applied to the fabric during resin processing.
(“Uneven singeing”)
60 Uneven cloth surface (“Uneven cloth surface”)
★★★★
Appearance: The entire length of the fabric, about 1 yard long, is laid flat on a platform. The fabric body is uneven, which mostly occurs in weft-knitted fabrics.
Cause: Poor shaping or resin processing results in uneven longitudinal and transverse shrinkage of the fabric.
(“Poor Stereotype”)
61 Poor elasticity (“Poor elasticity”)
★★★★
Appearance: The stretchable knitted fabric cannot return to its original shape after being slightly stretched vertically and horizontally, and wrinkles will appear.
Causes: 1). The extra silk used in weaving has poor crimp fastness. 2). When setting the shape or resin processing, the set temperature is too high, or the fabric is heated at high temperature for too long, causing the processed yarns in the fabric to lose part of its recovery properties.
(“Humidity is too high”)
62 Paper Feel (“Paper Like”)
★★★★
Appearance: The fabric surface is smooth, slightly stiff, and less stretchy, just like paper.
Cause: The chemical filamentous fibers used for fabrics have a very low shrinkage rate in boiling water, for example, only 2 to 3%. Therefore, they cannot fully shrink during fabric processing, giving the fabric a papery feel.
(“Inconsistent shrinkage rates”)
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