1. The concept of fabric-film interface</p
从三层复合面料的角度看，防水透湿层压面料是由一层或多层织物与高聚物薄膜通过粘合剂粘结在一起，形成兼有多种功能性复合面料。无论织物和薄膜的性能多好，如果不能很好粘结形成一个整体，或者粘结后层压织物的耐剥离性很差，显然这种织物没有实用价值。界面的结构的性质与粘结效果密切相关。织物或薄膜的受力都会通过其间的界面传递给各自的对方，形成整体的宏观力学行为。
界面不是一个单一的结合面，而是不一定厚度和不同作用区域和界面层。三层复合面料层压织物的界面层是由织物表面区、织物与薄膜相互作用区以及薄膜表面区构成和多层过渡区。对于存在粘合剂部分，是将原相互作用区扩展为一个多层的粘结区。
在宏观上，表面、界面或接触面的概念都十分明确，过界也很容易确定。但在讨论接触面之间的相互作用时，却是一个微观层次的概念，这时表面或界面的划分就不是那么清楚。而表面区是指结构非对称，性能明显与本体有别的特征薄层。这些在微观上是很难区分其过界的。即使在某一层区中，结构亦非均一相，也存在异性右异质结构微区。
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2. Interface force and bonding strength</p
The force on the bonding interface is directly related to the bonding strength. There are three types of forces on the interface: one is static force, such as the force generated by the “anchoring” effect and friction. The so-called “anchoring” effect is due to uncured The resin flows into the pits or gaps of the bonded parts and solidifies there. Its function is equivalent to anchoring a ship to fix the resin on the surface of the bonded body. �这类静力对界面粘结强度的贡献理论上达1.4~7.0MPa� �二类为界面分子间作用力，即当胶粘剂与被粘结体间相互接近为0.3~0.5nm� �由色散、偶极与氢键等作用而产生的力，它对界面粘结强度的贡献理论上可达7.0x102MPa� �三类为化学键力，即当胶粘剂分子与被粘结体分子相互接近为0.1~0.3 nm，发生化学反应而形成化学键，这种化学键对界面粘结强度的贡献理论上可达7.0×103~7.0x104MPa� �这三类作用力对于一个粘结体系可能同时存在，但所起的作用大小随着情况而异� Generally speaking, the intermolecular force contributes a large proportion to the interface bonding strength, but the ability to resist medium and water corrosion mainly depends on the chemical bond force. Therefore, in order to make the interface bonding strength both high and resistant to medium corrosion, In addition to sufficient intermolecular forces, the interface must introduce necessary chemical bonding forces �由以上分析可知，如果界面得到理想的粘结，那么界面粘结强度是十分可观的� �事实上粘结强度保有理论值的极少一部分，这是由于粘结过程中分子间接触不良造成粘结界面上留不微孔缺陷，减少粘结界面面积，并引起应力集中，促使早期破坏� �另外，由于界面存在有残余热应力和收缩应力也促使强度损失� �</p
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3. Introduction to waterproof, moisture-permeable and expandable fabrics</p
普通纤维外层涂溶胀高分子，织成织物后，干燥时透湿，遇水后防水。
溶胀高分子通常采用水凝胶，水凝胶具有吸水溶胀、脱水退溶胀的特性，将其接枝聚合在织物上� In a dry state, the grafted gel layer shrinks, and a large number of gaps on the fabric can ensure the permeation of sweat emitted by the human body, meeting the requirements of wearing comfort; when immersed in water, the grafted gel layer swells rapidly, The pores are closed, thus providing good waterproof or anti-immersion properties �通过这种驱动机制的作用，使“防水”与“透湿”两种性能在不同的环境状态下分别得到以相应的满足� �</p
有人选用了电子束预辐照的方法，将丙烯酸单体接枝聚合到涤纶面料上，并对织物性能进行了研究� The test results show that when acrylic acid is grafted on the fabric, the fabric has water-blocking ability within 3S. The greater the grafting rate of the fabric, the faster it responds to water, and as time goes by, the water-blocking ability continues to improve. rise until it reaches a certain value �</p
近年来，随着对PTFE性质认识深入，制膜技术的提高，在第二功能性面料织物的基础上，开发研制了功能性面料的层压织物。比如：防水透湿弹性织物、防水透湿阻燃复合面料、防水透湿保湿面料、防辐射防护服面料等。
Source of article: Yingjie Textile
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