Overview of cotton processing: the main processes and equipment for cleaning and processing of machine-picked cotton
1. Cotton mold conveying vehicle
The cotton mold conveying vehicle developed to cooperate with the field operation of cotton pickers, beats the cotton collected by the cotton picker into cotton molds, transports it to the cotton finishing plant, and unloads it to the automatic cotton feeding machine on the cotton mold conveying platform.
2. Automatic cotton feeding machine
The automatic cotton feeding machine consists of a cotton mold conveying platform and an opening device. The cotton molds unloaded on the cotton mold conveying platform are sent to the opening roller by the chain conveyor, and the opening roller loosens the cotton molds and feeds them into the pneumatic conveying system.
3. Seed cotton pneumatic conveying system
Seed cotton pneumatic conveying system consists of cotton suction pipe, heavy debris removal machine and volumetric cotton unloader. The cotton loosened by the automatic cotton feeding machine is fed into the cotton suction pipe. A heavy debris removal machine is set up in the middle of the pipe. The heavy debris contained in the cotton is first removed, and then the cotton is unloaded by the cotton unloader. Enter the feeding manipulator. The suction pipe has two suction ports. One suction port sucks the cotton loosened by the automatic cotton feeding machine, and the other suction port can directly suck the cotton that does not need to be opened from the cotton pile in the goods yard.
4. Cotton drying and cleaning system
(1) First-level cotton drying system: This system consists of cotton feeding controller, heat source part, drying tower, temperature adjustment device and conveying pipeline. The cotton that enters the cotton feeding manipulator is continuously and evenly fed into the conveying pipe. The hot air from the heat source mixes with the cotton and enters the drying tower for drying and dehydration. The temperature of the hot air can be automatically adjusted according to the moisture content of the cotton.
The heat source part adopts cheap coal-fired hot blast furnace. There is a bypass at the entrance of the drying tower, and the cotton that does not need to be dried can directly enter the next process.
(2) First-level cotton cleaning: First-level cotton cleaning consists of an inclined cotton cleaning machine, a bell cleaning machine and a conveying pipeline. The first-stage dried cotton is transported to the inclined cotton cleaning machine by the wind system, and the cotton and hot air are separated. The tilted cotton cleaning machine removes sterile seeds, cotton leaves, and dust from the cotton. and other small impurities, and feed the cotton into the boll cleaning machine to remove heavy impurities such as cotton bolls, cotton husks, cotton stalks, stiff valves, cotton leaves and dust. The cotton after being cleaned by the bell cleaning machine is fed into the next channel. In this process, the sub-cotton that does not need to be cleaned of heavy impurities can directly enter the next process through the bypass pipeline.
(3) Secondary cotton drying system: The secondary cotton drying system consists of a heat source part, a drying tower, a temperature regulating device and a conveying pipeline. The heat source part can be used together with the heat source of the first-level drying system, or can be configured separately. If the cotton after first-level cleaning still needs to be dried, it will enter the second-level drying tower for drying. If drying is not required, it will directly enter the next process through the bypass pipeline.
(4) Secondary cotton cleaning: Secondary cotton cleaning consists of a conveying pipeline, an inclined cotton cleaning machine and a recycling cotton cleaning machine. The second-level dried cotton is transported to the inclined cotton cleaning machine by wind. The tilted cotton cleaning machine separates the cotton from the hot air and removes sterile particles, small impurities, and dust in the cotton. After cleaning, the cotton is gravity-fed and recycled into a cleaning machine to further clean the above-mentioned impurities.
The appearance and quality of the lint cleaned by two-stage drying and two-stage lint cleaning machines have been improved, creating conditions for the upgrading of lint finishing.
5. Ginning and lint cleaning system
The ginning and lint cleaning system consists of a cotton auger, a gin, an overflow box, a lint unloader, an airflow lint cleaning machine, a lint road and a two-stage saw tooth It is composed of lint cleaning machine. The cotton after cleaning by the recycling type cotton cleaning machine falls into the cotton distribution auger, and the cotton distribution auger distributes the cotton into the cotton storage box of each gin. When the cotton in the cotton storage box exceeds the production capacity of the gin, The excess cotton is transported to the overflow box by the cotton auger. After the cotton in the overflow box exceeds a certain amount, it is fed back to the cotton distribution auger through the conveying pipe and the cotton unloader.
The cotton in the cotton storage box of the gin is evenly fed into the working box of the gin by the cotton feeding part of the gin for ginning. At this time, the cotton feeding part cleans the cotton again. The rolled lint enters the airflow lint cleaning machine through the lint tunnel, which removes impurities such as infertile particles, fibrous lint, cotton leaves, neps, and cords contained in the lint. Then, it enters the two-stage sawtooth lint cleaning machine through the lint tunnel to remove the remaining impurities in the lint and ensure that the quality of the finished lint meets national quality requirements. There is a bypass pipe between the two-stage sawtooth lint cleaning machines. If the lint does not need secondary cleaning, it can directly enter the next process.
6. Cotton collection and baling
The lint collection and baling system consists of lint road, main lint collection machine, lint chute, humidifier, baler, cotton bale weight measuring device and bale transport device. The lint cleaned by the lint cleaning machine enters the main lint collecting machine through the lint pipe to realize the separation of cotton air and the cotton batting falls into the lint chute. The lint in the lint chute is fed into the box by the packing machine feeding device for pre-pressing and packaging. , the cotton bales are sent from the bale transport truck to the automatic bale weight measuring device, and the measured cotton bales are transported outside the workshop by the conveying device. In the lint chute, when the moisture content of the lint is low, the humidifier starts to work, so that the lint can evenly regain moisture to the controlled value to facilitate packaging.
7. Infertile cotton recycling system
The infertile cotton recovery system consists of infertile material conveying pipelines, infertile material purifying machines and other components. The sterile material discharged from the saw-tooth lint cleaning machine is sent to the sterile material purifier through a conveying pipe to recover the free fibers in the sterile material to reduce lint loss.
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