Foreword
The textile industry in old China was the most developed industry in China’s modern industry. It had the largest assets, industrial workers, market share and national capital, and had an influence on the national economy. Also the largest. But even so, from the time when overseas Chinese businessman Chen Qiyuan founded the Jichanglong Silk Reeling Factory in Nanhai, Guangdong Province in 1867, and the British firm Jardine Matheson established the Jardine Spinning Bureau in Shanghai, until the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the scale of the textile industry in old China had Only: 5 million cotton spinning spindles, 130,000 wool spinning spindles, 90,000 silk reeling threads, 70,000 looms, and a small number of very small printing and dyeing factories, knitting factories, garment factories, dyeing and weaving factories, and linen spinning factories. factories and textile machinery factories. The historical record for annual textile output is 444,500 tons of cotton yarn, 2.8 billion meters of cotton cloth, 7.5 million meters of woolen cloth, and 220 million meters of silk. It cannot be self-sufficient. At the same time, the textile industry in old China had relatively obvious semi-colonial characteristics. In the early stage, more than half of the industrial capital was directly operated and controlled by foreign countries; the entire textile industry did not form a production system, and domestic production equipment was rudimentary, and the technology was backward. Raw materials and equipment All rely on imports. By the eve of the national liberation in 1949, there were only 58 factories and factories left in the country, and only half of them were barely operating.
On this basis, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the textile industry in New China has undergone tremendous changes and achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention.
Resumption of production in New China and the “First Five-Year Plan” period (1949-1958)
In 1950, the beginning of the founding of New China, my country’s cotton yarn output was 43.7 million tons, accounting for only 7.8% of the world’s total. The annual output of chemical fiber is less than 10,000 tons, which is “neglected” in global economic statistics. In March 1950, the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China proposed that the textile industry should get rid of the abnormal development of semi-colonialism. At the same time, it called on the majority of textile workers to work hard in production, accumulate funds, and gradually embark on the road of self-reliance. By the end of 1952, China’s textile industry production had fully recovered, with national cotton yarn output reaching 656,800 tons and cotton cloth output reaching 3.8 billion meters, both exceeding historical highs. The equipment utilization rate of state-owned textile enterprises has increased to 90%, and the cotton yarn output of private textile enterprises has also increased by 50% compared with 1949. Cotton production was restored, reaching 26.07 million tons in 1952, easing the tight supply of raw materials in the early days of liberation.
▲At the beginning of the establishment of the Ministry of Textile Industry of New China, the first generation of staff took a group photo in front of the office building.
▲In 1955, workers at Shanghai Shenxin No. 9 Factory celebrated the implementation of a public-private partnership in the factory.
▲In 1957, Jiang Guangnai, Qian Zhiguang, Zhang Qinqiu, and Chen Weiji welcomed Soviet expert Bryuhen back to China.
During the country’s first five-year plan (1953~1957), my country’s textile industry built a total of 68 new cotton textile factories (capital construction investment of more than 5 million yuan), with a total scale of 2.4 million spindles, 61,000 looms; if including projects under construction, the total scale exceeds 3 million spindles, achieving the construction goals set by Chairman Mao Zedong. At the same time, 6 printing and dyeing factories, 3 wool spinning factories, 7 linen spinning factories, 4 silk factories, 3 chemical fiber factories, and 1 textile machinery factory were built and expanded, and the construction tasks were completed effectively.
The “Second Five-Year Plan” period (1958~1962)
▲1959 Silk Image of worker.
In the mid-1950s, my country’s economic situation showed a prosperous scene. During the country’s Second Five-Year Plan (1958-1962), the state’s investment in the textile industry increased to 2.13 billion yuan, and the industrial management system was reformed in 1958. In the early 1960s, the textile industry faced the situation of insufficient raw materials and difficult market supply, and conscientiously implemented the policy of “three unifications and one priority” in production. Since the implementation of the policy of “adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement” in 1961, the textile industry has seen a new situation by 1965: cotton yarn output reached 7.16 million pieces, ranking second in the world; cotton cloth output increased to 6.3 billion meters; By developing exports to the capitalist market, foreign trade has been expanded to 110 countries and regions; the newly built chemical fiber factory has been fully put into production, with a production capacity of 67,000 tons; due to the completion of the extension project, a total of The cotton spinning equipment capacity has reached 9.8 million spindles and 310,000 looms. The complete sets of cotton textile, printing and dyeing equipment included in the national key technological innovation projects have also completed the selection, design and trial production ahead of schedule. The textile industry is showing a good situation of great development in production and construction and science and technology moving towards the world’s advanced level.
The “Third Five-Year Plan”, “Fourth Five-Year Plan” and “Fifth Five-Year Plan” periods (1966~1980)
In the mid-1960s, the textile industry Industrial scientific research and technological innovation are booming, with significant progress and breakthroughs in many aspects. At the same time, when the country was studying and formulating the third five-year plan, it proposed to focus on solving the problem of food and clothing.Ranking first, the proportion of textile exports in the world increased from 36.6% in 2016 to 39.2% in 2019. In 2020, designated enterprises in the national textile industry achieved operating income of 4.52 trillion yuan, accounting for 4.3% of the national industry, and total profits of 206.5 billion yuan, accounting for 3.2% of the national industry.
During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, the proportion of fiber consumption in the three major end products of clothing, home textiles and industrial use was adjusted from 46.4:28.1:25.5 in 2015 to 40:27:33 in 2020. By the end of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, my country’s total high-performance fiber production capacity accounted for more than one-third of the world’s total, and the fiber processing volume in the industrial industry reached 19.1 million tons, an increase of more than 40% compared with 2015, effectively meeting the needs of diversification, multi-level, and multi-level fiber processing. field market demand.
During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, the scientific and technological innovation ecological environment of the entire industry chain of my country’s textile industry continued to improve, and great progress was made in the construction of innovation platforms. A total of 11 achievements have won the National Science and Technology Award, and a number of “stuck” technical problems have been overcome in the fields of fiber materials, green manufacturing, and textile machinery. The domestic market share of domestic textile equipment reaches more than 75%.
During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, my country’s textile field has formed a collaborative research and release mechanism for popular trends covering all links of the industrial chain. The ability to create original fashion designs has been significantly improved. There are more than 100 fashion design experts across the country. More than 30 undergraduate colleges and universities and more than 300 higher vocational colleges have fashion design and engineering majors to ensure a reserve of fashion design talent teams. The recognition and reputation of independent brands continue to increase. About 85% of the clothing and home textile brands of major domestic large-scale commercial entities are independent brands. The consumption scale of original trendy brands has increased year by year, accounting for more than 15% of brand consumption. The international influence of Chinese brands has increased, and the cross-border integration, commercial carriers and communication forms of fashion consumption have become more diversified and enriched.
During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, the energy consumption structure of my country’s textile industry continued to be optimized, with secondary energy accounting for 72.5%, energy utilization efficiency continuing to improve, and comprehensive energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of output value down 25.5%. Since 2016, a total of 251 green design products, 91 green factories, 10 green supply chain companies, and 11 green design demonstration companies have been included in the list of green manufacturing system construction by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Full life cycle green management is accelerating its integration into the textile industry chain. system. The dimension and connotation of the China Textile and Apparel Corporate Social Responsibility Management System (CSC9000T) have continued to expand, and it has begun to cover factories invested overseas by domestic enterprises.
In 2020, our country will basically achieve the main indicators of becoming a textile power. According to a comparative analysis by the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2019 and 2020, my country has five major industries that are at the world’s advanced level, and the textile industry is one of them.
Overall, by the end of 2020, when my country will build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the textile industry will have basically achieved the relevant goals of the “2020 Outline for Building a Textile Power”, and most indicators of my country’s textile industry will have reached or even been ahead of the world’s advanced It has established the most complete modern textile manufacturing industry system in the world. Its production and manufacturing capabilities and international trade scale have long ranked first in the world, becoming the first echelon of my country’s manufacturing industry to enter the array of powerful countries. Scientific and technological innovation has moved from “following and running together” to the coexistence stage of “running alongside and leading”. Brand building has formed a three-level system of manufacturing brands, consumer brands and regional brands. Positive achievements have been made in energy conservation and emission reduction, pollution prevention and comprehensive utilization of resources. Progress, talent construction actively supports industry innovation and progress. </p
