Ring spinning has a long history. Although many new spinning technologies have emerged, it still occupies a dominant position in existing yarn production, especially in the production of extra-fine yarns. With the advancement of spinning technology, ring spinning has also accelerated the pace of technological innovation and the application of new technologies, which has greatly improved the appearance of traditional ring spinning.
Application of compact spinning technology
Compact spinning is the The new spinning technology developed in recent years, compact spinning technology, while maintaining the style of the original ring-spun yarn, has improved the quality and grade of the yarn and has been widely promoted at home and abroad. According to relevant reports, more than 80% of high-end shirt fabrics and high-end knitted T-shirt fabrics in European and American countries are made of compact spinning. In China, with the improvement of textile product quality, compact spinning technology has also been rapidly promoted and applied. By 2020, more than 35 million compact spinning machines have been put into operation, 50% of which are imported advanced compact spinning equipment from abroad, and 50% are compact spinning machines or compact spinning devices manufactured by ourselves after digesting and absorbing foreign technology. . The varieties produced have also gradually expanded from the initial production of pure cotton high-count yarns to wool, chemical fiber blended yarns, and multiple varieties, which has played a positive role in improving the quality and grade of back-stitch cotton products.
Looking at the compact spinning machines that have been used in production, although they have different models and forms, except for the Swiss Rocos mechanical compact spinning device, they are all in the process of processing. The twisting triangle area adopts the principle of negative pressure accumulation, that is, a set of control elements is installed on the front roller to strengthen the control of the fiber. The bottom roller has the function of suction and accumulation to make the slivers more closely arranged, which greatly reduces the load required in traditional spinning machines. The width of the sliver in the twisting triangle area is conducive to twisting the fibers in the sliver into the yarn sliver, thus greatly reducing the harmful hairiness of more than 3mm in the yarn. At the same time, negative pressure air suction also helps the fiber to have a chance to straighten when twisting and winding, so that the yarn strength can be improved. It has been proven from the practice of many users that under the same conditions of semi-finished products, the yarn hairiness of the yarn produced by the compact spinning frame is reduced by about 80% compared with the original ring spinning frame, and the strength can be increased by 5% to 10%. At the same time, because the evenness of the yarn is improved, yarn defects are reduced, and the end-breakage rate during spinning is reduced, so that the production efficiency can also be increased by about 10%. Due to the increased strength of compactly spun yarns and reduced hairiness, in subsequent processes, breakages can be reduced by 30% during warping, sizing rates can be reduced during sizing, and warp and weft yarn breakage rates can be reduced by 50% and 30% respectively during weaving. Thereby improving the production efficiency of the cloth machine. When compactly spun yarn is processed on a knitting machine, the waxing process can be eliminated, reducing pilling on the cloth surface and improving the quality of knitted fabrics.
Compound spinning technology
Compound spinning is also based on the ring spindle Through technological transformation and technological innovation on the spinning frame, the excellent properties of two or more fibers are cleverly combined to form a yarn. Through continuous development and innovation, there are currently many composite methods such as Sirospun, Sirofil, Warpspinning and Solospun. However, there are still certain differences between these composite spinning methods in terms of the transformation of spinning machines, composite components, feeding methods, and process parameters.
Siro spinning: two rovings kept at a certain distance are fed into the spinning machine in parallel, and two single yarn slivers are output from the front roller. Due to the twist transfer, the two single yarns are The yarn strips have a small amount of twist and are then joined together and further twisted into siro yarn like strands. Siro yarn has a strand-like structure and less hairiness, which makes the fabric look smooth, smooth, soft, elastic, wear-resistant and breathable. It has become a yarn used for weaving high-end fabrics. In recent years, siro yarn has been produced in large quantities in the cotton spinning industry. Production practice has proved that: the advantages of siro spinning technology are the same as those of compact spinning technology, which can reduce yarn hairiness. At the same time, because two rovings are fed, if the two rovings use different raw materials and colors, blended yarns and mixed color yarns can be produced Threads have expanded the variety of ring spinning yarns. Siro spinning is a new technology that is easy to transform and low-cost, and is being expanded and promoted in the cotton spinning industry.
Serofil spinning: It is developed from serofil spinning, that is, a filament is used to replace a roving in spinning, and the distance between the two is larger than that of serofil spinning. The distance between two rovings of yarn. Since the composite yarn has two components: filament and short fiber, when the short fiber is wool fiber, it is also called Woolfl composite yarn. Since the breaking strength and breaking elongation of serofil composite yarn are both higher than that of winding yarn, and the hairiness is further reduced, its spinning number is finer and can be used as yarn for high-end light and thin fabrics. At the same time, replacing the roving with a filament can not only reduce the spinning cost, but also increase the spinning count.
In short, through modification of the ring spinning machine, new yarns developed using serospinning and sirofil spinning technologies will have great development prospects.
Core spinning and wrapped spinning: Core spinning is also a composite yarn produced by installing a set of filament feeding devices on the ring spinning machine. Generally, The chemical fiber filament is a core wrapped with short fibers to form a core-spun yarn structure. At present, spandex core-spun yarn is the most produced. However, with the expansion of the use of core-spun yarn, the current production volume of core-sheath type core-spun composite yarn using polyester or nylon filament as the core is expanding. As the core yarn, the filament plays a skeleton role, providing the fabric with high strength, excellent iron-free performance and crispness, while the outer fiber provides the fabric with good dyeability, moisture absorption and breathability, meeting the fabric’s requirements.Feel and appearance needs. The development of core-spun yarn realizes the best combination and application of the excellent properties of chemical fiber filament and wrapped short fiber. It can select the two fiber types according to the final use of core-spun composite yarn to develop various composite yarns. . Because the transformation method is simple and convenient, the production of core-spun yarn has achieved good economic benefits for many cotton spinning mills.
Wrapped yarn is also called covered yarn. It uses filament or staple fiber yarn as the core yarn, and is wrapped with another filament or staple fiber yarn, which is the same as the core yarn. The difference is that the composite yarn is made by wrapping one yarn and one filament. The wrapping yarns are mostly elastic yarns, which are mostly used for weaving sportswear and tights. Suitable core yarns and wrapping yarns can also be selected according to the purpose of the yarn.
In addition, on the spinning frame, a new Solo spinning technology has been developed abroad in recent years. It has a partition with many grooves on the surface under the front roller of the spinning frame. Roller forms a multi-strand yarn (cable-like), so Solo yarn is also called cable-type spinning.
Fancy spinning technology
Fancy yarn (Fancyyarn) In the early stage of development, it was also produced after the transformation of traditional ring spinning machines or twisting machines. At present, with the advancement of spinning technology, many new fancy twisting machines have emerged, but fancy yarns produced after transformation of spinning machines or twisting machines still account for a large proportion. The reasons are as follows: First, it is easy to modify and can be produced by adding an additional set of devices, so the cost is low. Second, the machine has wide adaptability and can be used in various fields of cotton spinning, wool spinning, linen spinning and blended spinning. At present, new yarns such as slub yarn and segmented yarn are mostly produced through transformation of cotton spinning machines.
Slub yarn: A yarn whose thickness changes in the axial direction of the yarn is called slub yarn. It is to change the draft ratio of the front area of the spinning frame on the ring spinning frame so that the speed of the middle roller changes randomly or regularly relative to the speed of the front roller, so that bamboos with regular or irregular thickness changes in the axial direction of the yarn can be produced. Yarn
Segment-colored yarn: Segment-colored yarn is a new type of composite yarn that not only changes in thickness in the axial direction of the yarn, but also has discontinuous color distribution changes. The segmented colored yarn is also realized by modifying the ring spinning frame. First, the capacity of the roving frame of the spinning frame is doubled, which can accommodate two types of rovings, A and B. Second, the A and B rovings are fed into the middle and rear rollers respectively. The spinning machine, and the roving quantity of B is less than that of A roving; the third reason is that the back roller randomly or regularly feeds the B roving in gaps to cause unevenness, and then merges with the A roving and the middle roller feeds the front area for drafting. When the A roving is drafted into spun yarn strips, the uneven thickness of the B roving is further expanded due to the drafting in the front area and becomes uneven and discontinuous fibers adhere to the yarn formed by the A roving, producing not only Colored yarns that vary in thickness and color. For example, the black segment-spun mondine yarn and dyeable segment-spun mondine yarn that have been popular on the market in recent years are produced using segmented color spinning technology.
Technological progress of ring spinning machines
In recent years, ring spinning has not only Various new spinning technologies such as compact spinning, composite spinning, and fancy spinning have emerged. The ring spinning machine itself also focuses on achieving high quality and high production, reducing labor intensity, saving labor, and adopting a number of advanced technologies, including:
Adopting new winding components to realize the spinning machine high-speed operation. For example, new technologies such as high-speed spindles, new steel rings, travelers and improved transmission systems are used to realize variable frequency spinning, which increases the spindle speed of spinning machines to more than 20,000 r/min. The highest spindle speed of foreign spinning machines reaches 25,000 r/min. , due to the increase in spindle speed, the output of the spinning frame can be increased by 15% to 20% without increasing production capacity, especially when spinning high-count yarns.
Adopt automation and continuous technology. At present, fine spinning machines are being promoted abroad, with a maximum of more than 1,600 spindles on one spinning machine. In China, the use of ultra-long spinning machines with automatic doffing is also being expanded. The popularization and application of extra-long spinning machines can not only reduce the number of doffing workers, but also solve the contradiction between the spinning package and the high speed of the spindle. Due to the automatic doffing. The package capacity can be appropriately reduced to increase the spinning spindle speed and achieve high-speed operation.
Improve the spinning drafting mechanism and adopt a spinning process with heavy weight and large drafting. At present, drafting components such as spring cradle, pneumatic cradle and flat spring cradle are commonly used on ring spinning machines. By strengthening the control of fibers during the drafting process, the roving ration can be increased and large-draft spinning can be achieved. Craftsmanship. It is not only conducive to the improvement of yarn quality, but also can appropriately reduce the number of pre-spinning equipment, save floor space, reduce energy and labor costs, thereby reducing the spinning cost of ring spinning.
Conclusion
The rapid development of new spinning technology and ring spinning The progress of spinning technology is two important signs of the progress of spinning processing technology today.
The rapid development of new spinning at home and abroad is because it has the advantages of short process, high efficiency, labor saving and low processing cost compared with ring spinning. Yarn produced with new spinning technology has certain characteristics and can replace some ring-spun yarns in certain uses and fields.
Ring spinning technology has gone through the test of more than 100 years and still occupies a dominant position in the total amount of yarn. Through the technological transformation of ring spinning machines and The innovative production of new yarns such as compact spinning and composite spinning is an important symbol of the progress of ring spinning technology.
In the future, spinning processing technology will be a pattern in which various spinning methods complement each other and coexist for a long time. The characteristics of various yarns will be further integrated and developed, providing the basis for subsequent processing. Provide more colorful new yarns to beautify people’s clothing.
� It is a pattern in which various spinning methods complement each other and coexist for a long time. The characteristics of various yarns will be further integrated and developed, providing more colorful new yarns for subsequent processing and beautifying people’s clothing. </p
