Recently, the China Cotton Association released the National Cotton Production Meteorological Monthly Report (August 2022). According to a survey of 61 weather stations in 201 cotton-producing counties in 13 cotton-producing provinces (regions), cotton sowing to the end of August, cotton areas across the country The comprehensive climate suitability index is suitable. Compared with 2021, the national average cotton yield trend is an increase in production.
The monthly report stated that by the end of August, most cotton in the cotton areas of Xinjiang, the Yellow River Basin, and the Yangtze River Basin was in the boll-breaking and linting stage. During the month, the average temperature in cotton areas across the country was 28.0°C, 1.6°C higher than the same period last year and normal years; the average sunshine hours were 217.7 hours, 29.4 hours higher than the same period last year, and 3.4 hours lower than the same period last year; average The precipitation was 68.1 mm, 54.6 mm and 36.4 mm less than the same period last year and normal years respectively. During the month, high temperatures in the first ten days of the month and low temperatures and heavy rains in the middle and late ten days of the month had a certain adverse impact on the growth of cotton bolls and boll splitting; the meteorological conditions in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin were suitable during most of the period, which was conducive to cotton flowering and boll formation, but cotton production in Hebei and Shandong was limited. Heavy rainfall in the region has led to an increase in cotton flower and boll drop; high temperatures and droughts have superimposed on the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin, and cotton yields have increased in areas with unfavorable irrigation conditions. From cotton sowing to the end of August, the comprehensive climate suitability index of cotton areas across the country is suitable. Compared with 2021, the national average cotton yield trend is a year of increased production.
In terms of the growth and development process of cotton, reporters from Futures Daily learned that by the end of August, most cotton in Xinjiang, the Yellow River Basin, and the Yangtze River Basin were in the boll-breaking and fluffing period; the cotton development period in most producing areas was close to the same period of the year or 4-14 days earlier. The overall growth is good.
In terms of climate, the high temperatures in the first ten days of the year and the low temperatures and rainy weather in the middle and late ten days of the cotton region in Xinjiang have certain adverse effects on the growth of cotton bolls and the bolls that burst.
The monthly average temperature in the northwest inland cotton area is 24.8°C, which is the same as the same period last year and 0.3°C higher than the same period in normal years; the monthly sunshine hours are 219.8 hours, 60.2 hours and 73.2 hours less than the same period in the previous year and normal years respectively; The precipitation was 20.9 mm, 13.6 mm and 10.3 mm more than the same period last year and normal years respectively. In early August, periodic high-temperature weather occurred in some cotton areas on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, the central and eastern parts of the Nanjiang Basin, and Dongjiang, etc., which adversely affected the growth of cotton flowers and bolls. At the same time, the sustained high temperature caused the development and spread of pests and diseases, and the overall incidence of pests and diseases was moderate. The insect infestation is slightly heavier than last year (mainly cotton boll insect infestation is heavier than last year), and the disease is lighter than last year. The low temperature in the cotton areas of northern Xinjiang and the heavy rainfall in the western part of southern Xinjiang from mid-to-late August have adverse effects on the growth of cotton bolls and boll splitting. The heavy rainfall causes cotton bolls to rot and fall off in some closed cotton fields.
Cotton is sown in the northwest inland cotton region until the end of August, and the comprehensive climate suitability index is suitable. Compared with 2021, the average cotton yield trend in the northwest inland region is a normal production year.
The meteorological conditions in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin are suitable during most of the period, which is conducive to cotton flowering and boll setting. However, heavy rainfall in some cotton areas in Hebei and Shandong caused an increase in cotton flower and boll drop.
The monthly average temperature in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin is 27.0°C, 1.3°C and 1.1°C higher than the same period last year and normal years respectively; the monthly sunshine hours are 179.9 hours, 1.8 hours higher than the same period last year, and higher than the same period last year. 15.2 hours less; the monthly precipitation was 131 mm, 18.5 mm and 0.8 mm less than the same period last year and normal years respectively. Most of the cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin have suitable light and heat, and good soil moisture, which is conducive to cotton flowering and boll formation. However, heavy rainfall occurs in Hebei, Shandong and other places during the month, causing the flowers and bolls of some cotton plants to fall off.
The meteorological conditions in the Hebei cotton area are suitable for cotton growth during most of the month, but the temperature continues to be high from August 1 to 7. The highest temperature in the cotton area reaches 35℃-38℃, which is unfavorable for cotton in the flowering and boll stage. High temperatures It also caused cotton respiration to intensify, photosynthesis to weaken, and pollen activity to decrease; from 12 to 15 days, most of Handan and southwestern Xingtai experienced 3 to 4 days of low-sun weather, which had a slight impact on cotton flowering and boll setting; in addition, from 7 to 9 days , 18-19, and 21-22, heavy rainfall occurred in some areas. Among them, the precipitation reached more than 100 mm in central and southern Cangzhou, parts of northern Hengshui, and most of Xingtai, causing some cotton plants to fall off. Field investigation results in the cotton areas at the end of mid-mid showed that the impact of most diseases and insect pests in the cotton areas was lighter than the same period last year.
Most of the cotton areas in Shandong have relatively high temperatures, low precipitation, and sufficient sunlight during the month. The meteorological conditions are generally conducive to cotton growth. Among them, in August, the precipitation in southern Shandong is significantly less. In addition, the temperature is relatively high. In August A slight drought occurred in some fields in the middle and late middle; a province-wide precipitation process occurred from the 28th to the 30th. The precipitation in the central and southern parts was generally more than 30 mm, and more than 50 mm in some areas. The drought in southern Shandong was relieved, and the farmland moisture in most cotton areas was suitable. , which is conducive to the growth of cotton bolls. However, due to heavy rainfall in some areas, the cotton fields are overly wet, which has a certain impact on the cotton bolls splitting and spitting out.
Cotton is sown in the Yellow River Basin cotton area until the end of August, and the comprehensive climate suitability index is suitable. Compared with 2021, the average cotton yield trend in the Yellow River Basin area is a normal production year.
High temperatures and droughts have superimposed on the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin, and cotton yields have increased in areas with unfavorable irrigation conditions.
The monthly average temperature in the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is 30.8°C, 3.0°C and 2.8°C higher than the previous year and the same period in normal years respectively; the monthly sunshine hours are 250.9 hours, 110.7 hours and 51.2 higher than the same period in the previous year and normal years respectively. hours; monthly precipitation��� was 39.8 mm, 130.4 mm and 98.3 mm less than the same period last year and normal years respectively. High temperatures and droughts have superimposed on most cotton areas in the Yangtze River Basin, and boll drop has increased in cotton areas with deviations in irrigation conditions, which is unfavorable for yield improvement.
The temperature in the Hubei cotton area during the month is abnormally high, the precipitation is significantly less, and the sunshine is more. The cotton growth process is accelerated. Sufficient heat conditions are conducive to cotton bolls opening. In areas with sufficient irrigation water sources, the number of peaches is more than normal. , but the historically rare and persistent sunny, hot, high-temperature and drier weather has led to rapid soil moisture loss, the development of meteorological drought, poor irrigation conditions, dry leaves and falling flower bolls in cotton fields, and bollworm damage in some fields.
Cotton is sown in the Yangtze River Basin cotton area until the end of August, and the comprehensive climate suitability index is relatively suitable. Compared with 2021, the average cotton yield trend in the Yangtze River Basin area is a normal production year.
The China Cotton Association predicts that in September, most of the cotton areas in Xinjiang and the Yellow River Basin will receive close to normal precipitation and temperatures close to normal or higher than normal for the same period. The first frost period in northern Xinjiang will be in mid-to-late September, which is later than normal. Meteorological conditions are not suitable for most areas. It is basically advantageous for cotton to wadding and picking; most of the cotton areas in the Yangtze River Basin have high temperatures and little rain, which is beneficial to cotton boll splitting and harvesting, but is detrimental to the later growth of cotton in areas without irrigation conditions.
The China Cotton Association recommends that all cotton areas should do a good job in the later management of cotton fields, pruning branches to remove old leaves and pulling out empty plants in a timely manner to ensure ventilation and light transmission in the cotton fields, and promptly pick cotton that has spun out, and remove moldy and rotten peaches. Improve the quality of cotton; in the Yangtze River Basin, for fields that have defertilized and aged prematurely, flower boll fertilizers can be reapplied, or primary potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to help nourish roots and protect leaves, prolong root and leaf functions, and prevent premature aging. In addition, each cotton area should also do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases such as Verticillium wilt, Lygus bugs, cotton bollworms, and whitefly, to create favorable conditions for more autumn peaches, larger peaches, increased boll weight, and smooth flocculation.
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